Which of the following is considered an early complication following ostomy surgery?

All of the options listed—parastomal hernia, stomal retraction, and stomal prolapse—can indeed be considered early complications following ostomy surgery.

Parastomal hernia refers to the protrusion of intestine or abdominal contents through the muscle wall near the stoma site. This can occur soon after the surgery due to increased intra-abdominal pressure or weakness in the abdominal wall tissue.

Stomal retraction involves the stoma being pulled back into the abdominal wall leading to a lower profile of the stoma. This condition can arise shortly after surgery if the stoma was not positioned or sutured adequately in relation to the skin.

Stomal prolapse occurs when the stoma extends beyond its normal size and protrudes excessively. This can happen within weeks after the surgery, especially if the stoma is excessively mobilized or if there is increased abdominal pressure.

Together, these conditions represent complications that can manifest relatively early in the post-operative period for patients who have undergone ostomy procedures, emphasizing the need for proper post-operative care and monitoring.