Certified Ostomy Care Nurse (COCN) Practice Exam

Necrotizing enterocolitis is a serious condition that occurs primarily in neonates, particularly those who are premature or have low birth weight. It is characterized by the inflammation and necrosis of the mucosal and submucosal layers of the gastrointestinal tract. The condition can lead to significant complications, including perforation of the intestines, systemic infection, and sepsis, making it a surgical emergency.

In neonates, the risk factors for developing necrotizing enterocolitis include intestinal immaturity, enteral feeding (especially with formula), and impaired blood flow to the bowel. Early signs of the condition may include feeding intolerance, abdominal distension, and changes in the infant's vital signs. Timely diagnosis and intervention are crucial to prevent morbidity and mortality.

Other conditions such as cholecystitis, appendicitis, and intussusception can occur in the pediatric population but do not specifically reflect the characteristics or demographic focus seen in necrotizing enterocolitis, particularly as a surgical emergency unique to neonates. Cholecystitis primarily affects older children and adults, while appendicitis is more common in older children and adolescents. Intussusception can occur in infants but is not marked by the same necrotic