What type of surgery is performed to manage severe cases of ulcerative colitis?

Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is a surgical procedure specifically designed for patients with severe ulcerative colitis, particularly when medical management has failed or complications arise. This technique involves the creation of an internal pouch from the ileum (the last part of the small intestine) which is then connected to the anal canal. This allows for the expulsion of stool, thus preserving continence.

The rationale behind this procedure is to alleviate the symptoms associated with ulcerative colitis while preserving as much normal bowel function and anatomical integrity as possible. This is particularly crucial for young patients and those who wish to avoid the long-term consequences of having a permanent ostomy, which can be a significant lifestyle adjustment.

Other surgical options, while they may be necessary in certain situations, do not directly address ulcerative colitis or are not as effective in managing its severe cases. For instance, rectal ablation may be used for other rectal diseases but is not a primary treatment for ulcerative colitis. Transverse colostomy involves creating an opening in the abdominal wall to divert stool, which is more suitable for different types of bowel conditions. An appendectomy, the surgical removal of the appendix, does not relate to ulcerative colitis management at